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ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant

Understanding

What is ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant?

An ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant (ABOi Liver Transplant) is a liver transplant procedure in which the donor and recipient have different blood groups. Traditionally, liver transplantation was performed between donors and recipients with compatible blood groups. However, advances in transplant medicine now make it possible to safely perform liver transplants even when blood groups do not match.

Before the transplant, specialized treatments are used to reduce the recipient’s antibodies that could attack the donor liver. These treatments may include plasmapheresis, immunosuppressive medications, and antibody-targeted therapies. Careful monitoring before and after surgery helps minimize the risk of rejection and ensures the best possible outcomes.

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TRANSPLANT SERVICES

Liver Transplant Surgery
Adult Transplant Surgery Cadaveric Liver Transplant (DDLD) Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) SWAP Transplant ABO Incompatible Transplant Paediatric Liver Transplant
Pre-Transplant Care Evaluation Post-Transplant Care
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Benefits of ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant

  • Expands the pool of available living donors.
  • Reduces waiting time for transplantation.
  • Provides a life-saving option for patients with advanced liver disease.
  • Enables timely transplantation in emergency situations.
  • Achieves excellent outcomes with modern immunological protocols.
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Diagnosis of ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant Candidates

  • Blood Group Testing

    • Confirmation of donor and recipient blood groups.
    • Identification of ABO incompatibility.

  • Antibody (Isoagglutinin) Testing

    • Measurement of anti-A and anti-B antibody levels.
    • Assessment of rejection risk.

  • Liver Function Assessment

    • Liver function tests (LFTs).
    • Coagulation profile.
    • Serum bilirubin and albumin levels.

  • Imaging Studies

    • Ultrasound of the liver.
    • CT Scan or MRI of the liver and blood vessels.
    • Evaluation of liver anatomy and disease extent.

  • Psychological and Nutritional Assessment

    • Mental health evaluation.
    • Nutritional status assessment.
    • Counseling for patients and caregivers.

  • Donor Evaluation

    • Detailed health assessment of the donor.
    • Liver volume and anatomy analysis.
    • Blood vessel and bile duct evaluation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Get answers to your questions

Q1: What is an ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant?

An ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant is a procedure in which a patient receives a liver from a donor with a different blood group. Specialized treatments are used to reduce the risk of rejection and ensure a successful transplant.

Q2: Is an ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant safe?

Yes. With modern immunosuppressive therapies, antibody reduction protocols, and careful monitoring, ABO incompatible liver transplants can achieve excellent outcomes in selected patients.

Q3: Why is ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant performed?

It is performed when a suitable blood-group-compatible donor is unavailable or when urgent transplantation is required and waiting for a compatible donor may not be possible.

Q4: How is the risk of rejection reduced?

Specialized treatments such as plasmapheresis, immunotherapy, and immunosuppressive medications are used before and after transplantation to lower antibody levels and reduce rejection risk.

Q5: Who is eligible for an ABO Incompatible Liver Transplant?

Patients with end-stage liver disease, liver failure, liver cirrhosis, certain liver cancers, or urgent transplant needs may be considered after a detailed evaluation by the transplant team.